Emile Durkheim Essays (856 words) - Sociology Books, Mile Durkheim

Emile Durkheim Emile Durkheim was conceived in the eastern French territory of Lorraine on April 15, 1858. He was the s on of a rabbi and sliding from a long queue of rabbis, he chose early that he would follow the family custom and become a rabbi himself. He considered Hebrew, the Old Testament, and the Talmud, while following the standard course of in mainstream schools. He before long got some distance from all strict inclusion, however intentionally not from enthusiasm for strict marvels, and turned into a freethinker, or non-adherent. At about the hour of his graduation he concluded that he would commit himself to the logical investigation of society. Since humanism was not a subject either at the optional schools or at the college, Durkheim propelled a profession as an educator in theory. Emile Durkheim made numerous commitments to the investigation of society, self destruction, the division of work, solidarity and religion. Brought up in a period of difficulties in France, Durkheim spent qui te a bit of his ability legitimizing request and responsibility to arrange. Durkheim was a pioneer French humanist, instructed at Bordeaux (1887-1902) and the University of Paris (1902-17). He presented the framework and speculative system of exact sociology. Durkheim was creator of The Division of Labor (1893), Rules of Sociological Method (1895), Suicide (1897), Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1915). Emile Durkheim has frequently been described as the originator of expert humanism. He has an extraordinary closeness with the two starting sociologists, Comte and Saint-Simon. Durkheim energetically saw the thoughts of the Division of Labor and the Biological Analogy. The two thoughts which had been contrastingly very much evolved by Comte and Saint-Simon. Durkheim's comprehensive quality methodology said that human science should concentrate on and concentrate enormous social activities and societies. He utilized functionalism, a methodology of contemplating social and social marvels as a lot of associated parts, to discover the jobs these establishments and procedures play in maintaining social control. In view of this significance in enormous social procedures and organizations, Durkheim's human science can be depicted as large scale sociological when contrasted with a miniaturized scale sociological, which takes it's beginning stage at the person. Durkheim's fundamental design was to give humanism an expert and logical standing like other conventional sociologies. So as to do this, Durkheim contended that it was basic to unmistakably express the space or territory of study for humanism. He said that human science's anxiety was with the social. This segment of the social ought to be isolated from the zone of mental and the person. On the off chance that there was to be something many refer to as humanism there ought to be a vocation only for human science and sociologists. Durkheim said that the social was a free physical presence, called a general public. Durkheim contended that this general public didn't rely upon the plans and incitement of people for its enduring presence. Society was 'thing-like'. So the social or society had an actual existence and rationale of its own. On the off chance that this was the situation, at that point human science had a reason. Durkheim additionally went into the subject of religion. He said that the god idea was a bogus way [collective representation] of the force that gatherings used to shape the conduct of individuals. He thought of religion as an answer for the issue of solidarity, how to hold individuals together when they have clashing interests. Durkheim looked to the exercises of early religions in customs. He said customs were explicit instruments that embedded outlines of that society in the individuals from the general public. He proposed that these ceremonies respected the gathering and its personality and not the person's character. So the fundamental motivation behind these religions and their ceremonies was to keep up social solidarity inside those social orders. In this way, the capacity of religion in those social orders was the love not of 'god' however of the general public. He said there were different approaches to get solidarity than by religion. He referenced the division of work, whi ch is characterized as the task of specific errands, occupations, or work to be finished by specific people, gatherings, and classes of individuals. Sex, age, instruction type and level, and the occupation zone of one's family are the most customary bases for recognizing word related exercises. Durkhiem likewise clarified self destruction. He clarified self destruction regarding how much an individual is joined into public activity. At the

Changes to Womens Rights Since 1945

Women’s rights have changed altogether after 1945 as thoughts that show ladies are second rate compared to men were being annulled to make a progressively equivalent society. Business, legislative issues and social change were factors that have been adjusted. Without these changes, Australia would even now be a sex †isolated society with defended thoughts that a women’s place is in the home. Before 1945, women’s rights were constrained in zones of work, legislative issues and social change. Ladies were relied upon to be housewives who were not qualified for a similar pay as men since society had a revered thought that men sufficiently required to help a spouse and children.Also, ladies had restricted chances to voice their interests and interests out in the open places and endured against damaging family circumstances. This started to change when women's activists began to libber against these imbalances. Work before 1945 demonstrated numerous imbalances amo ng people because of contrasts in wage and unjustifiable rights. The Equal Pay Case of 1972 was an occasion that started during the 70’s because of imbalances of wages among people. The Whitlam government presented the lowest pay permitted by law for the two sexes as a beginning for fairness in the workplace.Another thing the Whitlam Government presented was free tertiary training for all ladies permitting social portability. This opened ways to a more extensive scope of employments like medication, nursing, or law and allowed ladies to be autonomous. The Anti Discrimination Act of 1985 was a law made to disallow separation dependent on sexual orientation or pregnancy for everybody from businesses to collaborators or in open regions. In spite of the fact that the equivalent compensation case was not a total achievement, presenting the lowest pay permitted by law, free tertiary training and the counter segregation act was a significant accomplishment in changing women’s rights.Women had restricted voices to talk about issues of correspondence in legislative issues. This changed when women's activists, for example, Germaine Greer composed and urged ladies to be politically dynamic. The Women’s Electoral Lobby (WEL) was shaped in 1972, which upheld for childcare and maternity leave. In 1975, the Whitlam Government chose a women’s agent Elizabeth Reid for address women’s rights in the political field. Governmental issues has changed tremendously since 1945 as ladies legislators began to revitalize for women’s rights. Social change was a significant change in women’s rights from 1945 as various thoughts and perspectives were being voiced to constrain change.In 1961, the presentation of the Birth Control Pill was a significant occasion that influenced many regular workers ladies. This pill allowed ladies to assume responsibility for their own body and lives as they would now be able to move into the workforce without the issues of leaving because of conceiving an offspring. Additionally, the new laws like the No Fault Divorce of 1975 and the changing of the assault laws in 1981 helped ladies get away from harsh connections and disallowed men from separating from their life partner for reasons unknown. The presentation of the pill and new laws gave ladies more control and security to ladies and this was a significant change in women’s rights from 1945.

Anatomy 101 The Four Parts of a Book Review

Anatomy 101 The Four Parts of a Book Review On Tuesday, The Millions posted an interesting essay by Darryl Campbell called “Is This Book Bad, or Is It Just Me? The Anatomy of Book Reviews” that I’ve spent some time thinking about. While I was initially ready to dismiss the piece thanks to an unnecessarily snide and dismissive dig at the world of amaetur (or whatever word you’d like to use) reviews, I actually found Campbell’s anatomy of a book review helpful in thinking through how I write about books and what I hope to learn when I read a book review. First, let’s get the little dig out of the way. In the midst of setting up his purpose with the essay to offer a suggestion of what book reviews should be rather than what they shouldn’t Campbell makes this remark about the general state of book criticism: So I think we can all agree that A) the “book review” is a prestigious class of writing that people aspire to write, and B) there is a continuum of, shall we say, critical perceptiveness â€" what in the pre-everyone-gets-a-trophy age we might call “value” or “quality” â€" on which the multiple-thousand-word, tightly-argued essays of the New York/London/L.A. Review of Books reside at one end, and the rapid reactions of John Q. Tumblr reside at the other. (By the way, I don’t want to suggest that there is something philosophically corrupt or intrinsically wrong about the latter, or that just because something is edited and not self-published, it is automatically better than a blog post. Advanced degrees, journalistic credentials, and/or getting published in hard copy is not a guarantee that a book review is any good. ) Honestly if Campbell really didn’t want to suggest that John Q. Tumblr’s reviews were less than reviews in a mainstream publication, he wouldn’t have made that comment. The implication, even before getting to the dissection of a book review, is that reviews on blogs are less valuable than mainstream criticism even though, as we’ll soon see, there’s nothing in the anatomy of a book review that Campbell suggests that a blogger/Goodreads/Tumblr reviewer couldn’t achieve if that were their goal. So lay off the insults, okay? However, if you can get past that little digression, Campbell’s piece makes a lot of sense. After analyzing many book reviews (most or all of which are from mainstream sources), Campbell suggests four elements of criticism: reaction, summary, aesthetic appraisal and historical appraisal. The first two are rather clear, I think, and are often the basic questions of a review what did you think of the book, and what was the book about? After that, a review can reach for the next elements: giving the book a deeper critique while teaching the review reader something we didn’t know before (aesthetic appraisal) and setting the book within the greater world of literature (historical appraisal). Campbell goes into each of these qualities in more depth in his piece, which I encourage you to go read. This is also the point at which I think Campbell wants to make his distinction on the quality of reviews/reviewers (without actually coming out and saying it again). It’s relatively easy to tell readers what a book is about and whether you liked it; it’s harder to situate the book in comparison to other books or read the book like an expert in the topic and give it a strong critique. However, neither of those things are impossible for John Q. Tumblr, nor are they restricted to the format that Mr. Tumblr chooses to write in. While a site like Goodreads caters itself to reviews that achieve the first and second elements (with starred ratings, shelving, and space for writing reviews), it doesn’t mean Campbell’s four-part reviews couldn’t be there. The fact that they often aren’t is, I would think, more a result of the fact that readers as consumers care less about those questions and more about information that will tell them if a book is worth spending their time and money on. Still, I think it’s a book review anatomy that is achievable and could be useful for reviewers of all levels of “critical perceptiveness,” if we think about the ideas of aesthetic and historical perceptiveness more broadly than Campbell does in his essay. Every person who reads widely and thoughtfully can place a new book in relation to others when they write or talk about it, or comment on whether the arguments of a new book mesh with the facts of our lived experience. Despite a questionable opening volley, Campbell has managed to pull out a useful set of criteria to consider as more readers to become reviewers. But I’m curious what you all think what do you look for in a book review? Are there uses for aesthetic and historical appraisals? What kind of “expertise” or background does a reviewer need to make those assessments? Is there a quality in book reviews you look for that Campbell missed? Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers.

The Worlds First Artificial Satellite

On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union stunned everyone by launching the worlds first artificial satellite,  Sputnik 1.  It was an event that galvanized the world and spurred the fledgling U.S. space effort into high gear. No one who was alive at that time can forget the electricity of the moment when humans first lofted a satellite into orbit. The fact that it was the U.S.S.R. beating the U.S. to orbit was even more shocking, especially to Americans. Sputnik by the Numbers The name Sputnik comes from a Russian word for traveling companion of the world. It was a smallish metal ball that weighed just 83 kg (184 lbs.) and was lofted into space by an R7 rocket. The tiny satellite carried a thermometer and two radio transmitters and was part of the Soviet Unions work during the International Geophysical Year. While its goal was partly scientific, the launch and deployment into orbit had heavy political significance and signaled the countrys ambitions in space.   Sputnik 1 Assembly. Asif A. Siddiq / NASA Sputnik circled Earth once every 96.2 minutes and transmitted atmospheric information by radio for 21 days. Just 57 days after its launch, Sputnik was destroyed while reentering the atmosphere but signaled a whole new era of exploration. Almost immediately, other satellites were built and an era of satellite exploration began at the same time that the U.S. and U.S.S.R. began making plans to send people to space. Setting the Stage for the Space Age To understand why Sputnik 1 was such a surprise, its important to look at what was going on at the time, to take a good look back to the late 1950s. At that time, the world was poised on the brink of space exploration. The development of rocket technology was actually aimed at space but was diverted to wartime use. After World War II, the United States and the  Soviet Union (now Russia) were rivals both militarily and culturally. Scientists on both sides were developing bigger, more powerful rockets to take payloads to space. Both countries wanted to be the first to explore the high frontier. It was just a matter of time before it happened. What the world needed was a scientific and technical push to get there. Space Science Enters the Main Stage Scientifically, the year 1957 was established as the International Geophysical Year (IGY), a time when scientists would use new methods to study Earth, its atmosphere, and magnetic field. It was timed to coincide with the 11-year sunspot cycle. Astronomers were also planning to observe the Sun and its influence on Earth throughout that time, particularly on communications and in the newly emerging discipline of solar physics.   The U.S. National Academy of Sciences created a committee to oversee U.S. IGY projects. These included investigations of what we now call space weather caused by solar activity, such as auroral storms and other aspects of the upper ionosphere. They also wanted to study other phenomena such as airglows, cosmic rays, geomagnetism, glaciology, gravity, make determinations of longitude and latitude and planned to conduct tests in meteorology, oceanography, and seismology. As part of this, the U.S. had a plan to launch the first artificial satellite, and its planners were hoping to be the first ones to send something into space. Such satellites were not a new idea.  In October 1954, scientists called for the first ones to be launched during IGY to map Earths surface. The White House agreed that this might be a good idea, and announced plans to launch an Earth-orbiting satellite to take measurements of the upper atmosphere and the effects of the solar wind. Officials solicited proposals from various government research agencies to undertake the development of such a mission. In September 1955, the Naval Research Laboratorys Vanguard proposal was chosen. Teams began building and testing missiles. However, before the United States could launch its first rockets to space, the Soviet Union beat everyone to the punch. The U.S. Responds The beeping signal from Sputnik not only reminded everyone of Russian superiority, but it also galvanized public opinion in the U.S. The political backlash over the Soviets beating Americans to space led to some interesting and long-reaching results. The U.S. Defense Department immediately began providing funding for another U.S. satellite project. At the same time, Wernher von Braun and his Army Redstone Arsenal team began work on the Explorer project, which was launched to orbit on January 31, 1958. Very quickly, the Moon was announced as a major target, which set in motion planning for a series of missions.   Dr. Wernher von Braun was part of the U.S. space effort at the time of the Sputnik launch, working to build rockets to take U.S. satellites and astronauts such as L. Gordon Cooper (right) to space.   NASA The Sputnik launch also led directly to the creation of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to carry on a civilian space effort (rather than militarizing the activity). In July 1958, Congress passed the National Aeronautics and Space Act (commonly called the Space Act). That act created NASA on October 1, 1958, uniting the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and other government agencies to form a new agency aimed at putting the U.S. squarely in the space business.   Models of  Sputnik commemorating this daring mission are scattered around the world. One hangs at the United Nations building in New York City, while another is in a place of honor at the Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. The World Museum in Liverpool, England has one, as does the Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center in Hutchinson and the California Science Center in L.A.. The Russian Embassy in Madrid, Spain, also has a Sputnik model. They remain gleaming reminders of the earliest days of the Space Age at a time when science and technology were coming together to create a new era of exploration.   Edited and revised by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

The Most Disregarded Fact Regarding Write My Research Project Revealed

The Most Disregarded Fact Regarding Write My Research Project Revealed Academic writing is extremely different and very demanding so that you must use a service such as ours if you wish to get the outcomes you're seeking. Taking into account there are many academic pursuits that require your attention, it's ideal to confer with prolific firms. You can rest assured that we are the ideal research project writing service provider. You should search for a professional writing service on the internet that specializes in producing research proposals, not simply a standard writing service. Use a quick anecdote, a brief you're writing. There are many different computer science topics and fields in which you may do mastery. Writing a persuasive case about your research means engaging your audience so they want to find out more about the answers you're discovering. For this reason, you don't need to struggle with writing yourproject chapters once we can support you. Get the Scoop o n Write My Research Project Before You're Too Late However you take notes, remember to keep tabs on the sources for all your key facts. If you've answered no to more than two of the aforementioned questions, then you need to be prepared to say I need a person to write my research paper. So if you're thinking about how to compose a proposal for a research paper or asking for a person to write my research paper you ought to look for a professional writing service that could supply you with the amount of support which you need. Without a suitable content, great research paper topics aren't going to make sense. If you should write only a single paper at the conclusion of the period, you can breathe out as you are blessed. So it's important to communicate so as to compose a paper that's original as if written by you. When it regards a research paper, you might believe that the longer it's the better is. A research paper is typically the very first step for students to acquire funding for their project, so it's essential to create a thoughtful and deep paper. Research proposal is an activity which each student is forecast to write exceptionally well. High school, college, and university students are continuously assigned to do projects to finish and present in the front of the entire class. They're, however, among the resources that it is possible to call on during your research. Explain how you intend to begin conducting your research. For instance, if you're a psychology major, you might want to begin thinking within the domain of healthcare reform or aspects of mental wellbeing and criminality in the prison system. The research is still valid though you are now alert to the larger size and intricacy of the problem. Utilizing proposal examples is an excellent means to learn from somebody else's experience and produce an outstanding powerful proposal. It is essential that you set a research problem at, or near the start of, your undertaking. Finally, obtaining a good plan is your very best defense against project chaos. A research proposal can have a large amount of dedication and a lot of students may wind up being returned to the start in the event the proposal isn't accepted. Perhaps the toughest part is making yourself to begin the job. The intention of the proposal is to make sure that The proposal isn't a fixed blueprint. A paper written at your request from our site grants you the choice to obtain all the information and research outcome, and that means you won't need to devote time investigating it yourself. No matter what's your topic, how soo n your paper ought to be ready, and the length of time it should be you always have the option to visit our site and set an order that will fix all your problems. You have to devote a certain quantity of time sitting in the library or surfing the internet so as to discover some helpful data for your academic paper. When you get the prompt, attempt to correct the academic format with the aid of numerous free online writing guides. Before you commence developing a project program, you need to stop yourself and be certain to know all the facts. State also how you want to approach your topic. A research proposal is a more thorough description of the project you are likely to undertake. A thorough research proposal will force you to think through exactly what it is that you're likely to do, and will assist you once you begin to write up the undertaking. Objectives always have to be set after having formulated a fantastic research question. Finding out how to develop a project plan doesn't need to get complicated.

Assignment 005 Free Essays

Assignment 005 Task D i) Safe Working Practice We seek to provide a safe and supportive environment, which secures the well-being and the very best outcomes for the children in our care. It is our duty to ensure that children are safe and protected from harm whilst within our care and we have policies and procedures in place to promote safe working practices and a clear understanding of what to do if abuse is suspected or disclosed. Our underpinning principles are that the welfare of the child is paramount. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment 005 or any similar topic only for you Order Now All children without exception have the right to protection from abuse regardless of gender, ethnicity, disability, sexuality or beliefs. We are responsible for our own actions and behaviour and should avoid any conduct, which would lead any reasonable person to question their motivation and intentions. We have received current child protection training and we have been made aware of possible symptoms of children at risk and are aware of their responsibility to report concerns according to the Child Protection Procedures, a copy of which is kept on the premises. Concerns must be kept confidential to as few people who need to know. We must work, and be seen to work in an open and transparent way and records are always to be made of any incident, and of decisions made and further actions agreed. The minded children and parents are informed of the policy and procedures as appropriate and all concerns, and allegations of abuse will be taken seriously by us and responded to appropriately – this may require a referral to children’s services and in emergencies, the Police. We also have a commitment to safe recruitment, selection and vetting to ensure the safety of all children within our care and there is a legal entitlement to obtain a CRB check. iii) Child Protection Procedure If we have a concern that abuse has occurred or is likely to have occurred we are required to contact as soon as possible one of the following agencies, but the first point of contact should always be a local social services child protection team duty social worker using the telephone numbers below: Child protection team duty social worker Local Police Station An officer of the National Society for the prevention of Cruelty to Children We agree to liase with and co-operate with social services following an allegation of abuse or neglect. We will request guidance form the duty social worker as to whether we are able to contact the parents of the children in question following a referral or allegation of abuse. We are aware that social services may not wish a child’s parents to be contacted in certain circumstances. If we are informed by a child that they or another child is being abused we will: Show that we have heard what they are saying, and all allegations will be taken seriously. We will encourage the child to talk, but will not prompt or ask leading questions. When the child is talking we will not interrupt whilst they are recalling significant events, and we will not make a child repeat their account. We will always explain carefully, in a way that the child will fully understand according to their age and stage of development, to inform them of the actions that we must take. We will record exactly what we have been told, using exactly the same words where possible. We will record the time, date, place and people who were present at the discussion. We will then report our concerns immediately to the duty social worker. This will enable somebody with the experience and responsibility to make a proper assessment of the situation. Following our referral to Social Services we will only inform the registered body in accordance with the National Minimum Standards. iv) Benefits of a Multi-Agency Approach From birth, there will be a variety of different agencies and programmes in the community involved with children and their development, particularly in relation to their health and education. Multi and inter-agency work is to safeguard and promote children’s welfare as soon as there are concerns about a child’s welfare, not just when there are questions about possible harm. Having a multi-agency approach to safeguarding children means we have an understanding of a child within the context of the child’s family (parents or caregivers and the wider family) and of the educational setting, community and culture in which he or she is growing up. The ultimate aim is to understand the child’s developmental needs within the context of the family and to provide appropriate services, which respond to those needs. How to cite Assignment 005, Papers

Macbeths Cruelity Essays - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth's Cruelity The Macbeths Cruelty William Shakespeares play Macbeth written in 1605-1606, is a brilliant and dramatic piece of art about how the Scots and Macbeth butchered the whole Danish army. People set high goals or purposes with significant meaning in Shakespeares time. People back then set their goals by working very hard to get better or getting done what they set out to achieve. People did anything and everything to get a better job or get wealthier back then. Many people told lies to their employer to advance in their jobs. Also, others purposely did things to their fellow workers to get them in trouble so they could get higher on the latter at work. The characters Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in the play did everything wrong by believing the witches prophecies and becoming greedy to advance in life by killing Duncan themselves. So, which was more ruthless Macbeth or Lady Macbeth? In act I, Macbeths tragic flaw is having too much ambition. He has indecision about killing King Duncan because he says that he is his kin, Duncan is his guest, and the aftermath of King Duncans death will cause the people to go crazy and riots will break out. But Lady Macbeth with such great visions of power and destruction persuades Macbeth to kill Duncan. Macbeth now decides when he has to kill King Duncan because Duncan has pronounced his son Malcolm to be next in line to be king. When Lady Macbeth finds out about the witches prophecies, she sees that her husband could be king if he kills Duncan. Once Macbeth finds out that the king wants to come to his house to eat and visit, he thinks he should somehow go about getting rid of Duncan. Lady Macbeth thinks that Macbeth is weak hearted and contains too much of the milk of human kindness. She plans to take control of his emotions and actions to help him if he plans to kill Duncan. When King Duncan arrives, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth start planning a plot to kill him. Macbeth begins to get cold feet about the plot to kill Duncan soon after. Lady Macbeth takes on the role here as being the head of the family by forcing and convincing her husband to go on with the plan. Once again, Macbeth is bothered by self-doubt from his fear of retribution in heaven and on earth by getting his reputation shattered. Lady Macbeth pours scorn upon Macbeth by his lack of courage. She says he is a coward and that her own lack of pity will make her kill her own baby as it suckled at her breast, if necessary. This statement and her powerful words convince Macbeth to carry out their plan to kill Duncan. Finally, Macbeth gets up the courage and bravery to kill Duncan as he and Lady Macbeth intend to do. After Macbeth kills King Duncan, he starts to fear that someone might have seen or heard him. Lady Macbeth, once again, comforts and helps him get through his fears and frustration by her powerful words and actions. After Macbeth kills King Duncan, he brings back the daggers that he meant to plant on the guards. Macbeth is scared about having killed Duncan and cannot go back to plant the daggers because he is ashamed of what he did. Once again, Lady Macbeth calms him down and goes back to plant the daggers herself. Also, Macbeth believes that he has murdered sleep and that he will never again be able to sleep easily and be at rest in his life. Lady Macbeth calms him down by her overpowering words that the sleeping and the dead are only pictures and that everything in life seems all right. Even though the Macbeth family thought they could get away with murder to advance in life to be the next king the guilty consciousness and fate determined to be the winning factors that contributed to the downfall of Macbeth and his wife. Macbeth thought that he could get away with murder until he went crazy about thinking of killing Duncan that he tries to kill everyone else to get rid of whoever might stand in his way to be the next king.

Creative Ideas for Elementary Classroom Bulletin Boards

Creative Ideas for Elementary Classroom Bulletin Boards Classroom bulletin boards are a great way to display student work in an organized and attractive manner. Whether youre creating a seasonal board, teaching board, or bragging board, its a fun way to dress up a plain wall to correlate with your teaching idea or style. Back to School These back to school bulletin board ideas are a great way to welcome students back for a new school year. Teachers Corner offers a variety of ideas such as: A Brand New Bunch of _______ Graders.Recipe for a Great School Year.Blast off to a Great Year.Checkin and Check Us Out. Welcome Back.Darting into a New Year.Look Whos Hanging Out in _______ Grade.Quack, Quack Welcome Back.Stepping in _______.Welcome Aboard______.Welcome to a Fin-Tastic Year. Birthdays A birthday bulletin board is a great way to honor and celebrate the most important day in your students lives. Help make you students feel special, and use the ideas from the Teachers Corner to help celebrate their birthday. Ideas Include: Eating Our Way to Another BirthdayBirthday TrainA Sea of BirthdaysHappy BearthdayMonthly Birthdays Seasonal Your classroom bulletin board is the ideal place to educate your students about the seasons and upcoming holidays. Use this blank slate to express your students creativity and display their best work. DLTK-Teach lists monthly bulletin board ideas by title and theme. Some ideas include: January - New YearFebruary - Pinch Us Were in LoveMarch - St. Patricks Day - Our Little LeprechaunsApril - Some Bunny Loved MeMay - Fluttering into SpringJune - Sailing into SummerJuly - Under the Summer SkySeptember - Welcome to Our SchoolOctober - Are You Scared?November - Give ThanksDecember - Its Snow Secret End of the School Year If you are looking for a way to wrap up the school year, or help students look forward to the next school year, this bulletin board website shares great ideas such as: Were Antsy for ______ Grade.This Year Flew By...Our Summers Looking Bright! Miscellaneous Bulletin Boards After scouring the internet, talking to fellow educators and gathering some ideas of my own, board the following is a list of the best miscellaneous board titles for elementary classrooms. I was Caught Doing Something Good.Dive into a Good Book.A Tee-rific Class.Mrs.____Great Catch.Go Bananas for School.We Present You with Our Wishes for Christmas.Welcome to ______School. You fit right in!Look Whoos in Our Room.When We Learn We Grow.Mrs._____ Class is in Full Bloom.Look Whos Been Spotted in ____.Buzz on into _____ Class.A Fresh Bash of Smart Cookies.School in September is TREE-Mendous.Surf on into _____.Look Whos Hiding in the Pumpkin Patch?Good Work Has Been Spotted.This Year is Going to Rule.Popping Through Our _____.Wild About Learning.Were on the Road to_____.Camping Out Under the Stars.Hop Into Learning. Tips and Suggestions Here are some helpful tips to help you improve and create effective classroom displays. Use borders to frame your display. Some unique ideas include Christmas lights, tassels, paper shapes, beads, monopoly money, feathers, rope, pictures, muffin cups, vocabulary words, etc.To make your display stand out use a creative background. Some fun ideas are to use a checkerboard pattern, polka-dots, a plain black background,  tablecloth, newspaper,f abric, wrapping paper, cellophane, netting, a brick pattern, etc.Be creative with your letters. Use different items to create words such as glitter, yarn, string, magazine letters, shadow letters or sand.

Advertising May Be Harmful to Your Spelling

Advertising May Be Harmful to Your Spelling Advertising May Be Harmful to Your Spelling Advertising May Be Harmful to Your Spelling By Maeve Maddox The United States has a government official called the Surgeon General who is the nations chief adviser in matters of health. One of the most famous to hold the job was Dr. C. Everett Koop, author of warning labels on cigarette packages. We need a Teacher General who could advise and decree on matters of English usage. Until a President arises who sees the need for such an office, Im willing to be the Unofficial Teacher General of the United States. Ill begin by placing virtual warning labels on two recent advertising products that could be harmful to writers whose spelling is a bit shaky to begin with. The first is the title of a recent Will Smith movie: The Pursuit of Happyness. Since the title is already quite catchy, echoing as it does a familiar line from the American Declaration of Independence, the reason for the cutesy spelling eludes me. The rule for adding suffixes to words ending in y is to change the y to i before adding the suffix: happy + ness = happiness. This spelling rule also applies to forming noun plurals and third person verb forms: baby/babies; carry/carries. The other offender is a recent Target television commercial that has singers chanting words like fabulous, meticulous, stainless, timeless. Otherwise entertaining, the ad has captions that spell fabulous as fabuless and meticulous as meticuless. If American schools were producing efficient spellers, such media nonsense could be shrugged away. As it is, misspelled advertising copy only adds to the confusion of a public already insecure when it comes to standard usage. The word from the Teacher General is, dont trust advertising spelling. Invest in a reliable dictionary. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund Phrases5 Brainstorming Strategies for WritersHow Do You Determine Whether to Use Who or Whom?

Course Project Milestone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Course Project Milestone - Research Paper Example Most of her body systems are well and functioning as they should (Kotecki, 2011, p. 170). The areas of weakness are her related traits and habits, and experiences of mild headaches. There are times when the patient feels so stressed by her past experiences. B. Client’s strengths The patient is active and exercises on a daily basis. She jogs and is involved in some activities in the community. This helps her kip fit and good shape, something that has helped her keep off most diseases (Kotecki, 2011, p. 170). Another area of strength for the patient is her health patterns. The patient ensures that she eats a healthy diet, and does not oversleep (Kotecki, 2011, p. 174). More to that, the patient’s excretory system is normal. To deal with her stresses, the patient attends stress management classes where she learns how to avoid the stress from affecting her health. Another area of strength is that she is a spiritual woman and has a positive attitude towards life and all arou nd her. All these have helped the woman to remain and stable, keeping off diseases that are likely to attack her and especially at her age. C. Areas of concern The woman complained of a persistent pain under her breast bone that lasted for quite some time. She also complained of some difficulties in breathing which prompted her to visit the health facility. One area that may place the woman’s health at risk is her habit of smoking and taking of alcohol(Golden, Fred, Heath, & William, 2009, 34). The woman tends to smoke heavily especially when under a lot of stress. This could place her at risk of acquiring problems especially with her respiratory system. Another area of weakness is that the lady was diagnosed with hypertension. This makes even her habit of smoking more risky. The patient is also allergic to Penicillin, because years back, she had developed a rash after an injection had been administered to her years back. The patient has a history of depression and anxiety wh ich resulted after she lost her husband 10 years ago. Her anxiety is due to the fact that she has not seen her grandkids yet and this increases her chances of getting a heart attack. The patient suffers from mild headaches that could be a result of anxiety and depression. D. Health teaching topics The patient needs to be given more classes on how to deal and manage her levels of stress, so as to reduce the chances of having a heart attack or suffering from high hypertension levels. The patient will also need to be taught about the dangers associated with smoking and especially for a person with hypertension and at her age. 2: Nursing Care Plan Next, plan your care based on your analysis of your assessment data: A. Diagnosis The patient’s priorities are having the best health care services at an affordable price. She does all she can to ensure that she remains healthy and free from chronic diseases which she says are not worth wasting resources over. With this in mind, the bes t nursing diagnosis is the wellness nursing diagnosis. B. Plan One goal that the wellness nursing diagnosis is expected to meet is that the patient’s health gets improved and the hypertension levels kept low. The expected outcome is that the patient will be in a more stable state of health. It is also expected that the headaches will reduce and hypertension levels will remain low. C. Intervention Intervention 1: to define and state a desired BP by explaining hypertension and the effects it has on body. Rationale: To increase the

LEARNING LOG AND COMPREHENSIVE ACTION PLAN FOR CHANGE Essay

LEARNING LOG AND COMPREHENSIVE ACTION PLAN FOR CHANGE - Essay Example this change would result in positive personal and professional growth and in enhancing interpersonal relationships with diverse people from various walks of life. If I did not change these areas, it would affect personal and career growth as problems and conflicts need resolution to avoid negative outcomes. Self-Reflection: The concepts focusing on one’s ability to assess personality, attitude, and emotional intelligence are relevant as these affects all facets of relating with other people. The lessons learned from this section would assist in one’s interpersonal relationships in various situations by acknowledgement of personal strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, a journey in self-awareness provided me with the opportunity to gauge the areas I am strong in and to address those that need improvement. Responses to Reflection Questions: I think that feedback is a necessary element in all communication processes. Self-disclosure however is given only in appropriate situations and to people one completely trusts. Trust should be earned and could not be assumed that all people are trustworthy. Honestly, I am not comfortable with self-disclosure because it exposes aspects of one’s self that could be prone to criticisms. Trusting others should only be practiced when trust has been earned. It is therefore more difficult to disclose oneself rather than learn to trust others. Since I am more apprehensive to disclose oneself to others than to trust other people, then, I welcome feedback more from others; rather than me giving feedback to people that I know would hurt them or betray their trust in me. I have established complete trust to my family and close friends and the relationship is symbiotic; therefore, the relationship has been bonded through trust and self-disclosure. To enh ance relationships with friends, my weakness in self-disclosure could be slowly addressed to be more open to them and to communicate what needs to be addressed. If I am more willing to

Marketing orientation and its importance in planning

Marketing orientation and its importance in planning Harris (2002, p. 247) Defines Marketing Orientation as The extent to which an organisation is perceived to act in a coordinated, customer and competitor-oriented fashion. Narver and Slaters (1990) also confirm there are three dimensions of Marketing Orientation, customer orientation, competitor orientation, and interfunctional coordination. With marketing orientation, a business revolves its strategic decisions around the wants and needs of the target market, including potential customers. A company that is marketing-orientated has the commitment to valuing customers and the customers needs. In fact, it can even contribute to the transformation of a companys business culture. This marketing concept involves three essential steps in being customer-focused. First, the wants and needs of the customers are researched and identified. Then, the research outputs are studied by the marketers and new products are created based on the consumer needs. Finally, customer satisfaction is aimed after public awareness and introduction of the product is made. A marketing-orientated business is characterised by various attributes. The company makes good and extensive use of marketing research, develops new and broad products, highlights product value and benefits, uses product innovation methods, and designs supplementary services or customer benefits such as delivery, installation, warranty, and credit availability. All these are geared toward customer advantage. Marketing orientation has three common alternatives which can be adopted by a company and these are sales orientation, product orientation, and production orientation. Looking at Renaults orientation, the conclusion that we have made is that Renault is a market orientated organisation. The reason for this conclusion is Renault is very focused on the needs and wants for the consumer. They have different types of cars focusing on different markets for their customer base. For example, Clio which is marketed at young adults who may have a low budget for purchasing the car. On the other side of the spectrum where the Laguna or Megane could be classed as a high specification family car. Also Renault has many of these cars in a range of sports models. Due to the nature of the business which Renault is involved in they have had to diverse the range of car models which they sell due to its competitors. For example Ford and Vauxhall. Another good example is Renault are in the process of developing hybrid cars and electric cars within its car range. According to Renault (2011) the first electric car will be sold in Israel in 2011 and then in other countries. The reason for this has come from customer demand, consumers are more aware of rises in fuel prices and carbon emissions. This would be a classic example how Renault is a market orientated company. In terms of RD Renault listen to their consumers as different customers have different types of criteria when purchasing a car. Mack (1996) states That to reinforce customer loyalty they involve existing customer in the design of its cars. According to Renault (2011) Renault- Nissan Alliance spend 4 billion Euros on the investment on electric parts. Many Eastern European countries would have a different specification of a car compared to someone in the UK. For example countries such as Bulgaria and Romania need cars that cater for larger families. Also some countries may not require a car which has a soft top due to climate conditions being different in comparison to a country where the weather is hot. Countries where the weather is constantly warm may require cars to have air conditioning. The Renault car called Dacia Logan has created in 2004, this particular type of car was designed for people in developing countries of the world. The car was first sold in Romania at a very cheap price of 5000 Euros and then moved into South America and India after proving a success when the car was first launched. Demographics would play a major role in the RD aspect of the business so Renault would know where and how to market their final end product. Boddy (2008) defines PEST analysis as A technique for indentifying and listing the political, economic, social, technological, environment and legal factors. Political Factors: The political factors in any country are largely responsible to alter a business environment as company may decide to change its business strategy based on the political scenario of the region it is based in. The government of any country regulates power supply, telecom and postal services and finance. The following are the political factors that affect Renault within the UK. Current taxation policy: According to the Trade and Investment minister Digby Jones the UK is becoming least attractive to work and invest due to the taxation policy, which was under pressure from opposition to tax rich foreign investors doing business in the UK. Thus the labour party proposed a cut on taxing investors who are non-UK domiciled. Also a worth mention is VAT which means value added tax. It is charged on most goods and services that are VAT registered. The recent recession has affected a lot of businesses most importantly the car manufacturing in the UK, it can be seen as going through a bad phase for the automobile industry. Thus UK motor agency served a budget to the current Government in the UK and urged it to create a right mix of policies to sustain growth in the segment. Renault decided to follow the following measures to counter any future threats in regards to financial aspect of the same by the following measures: Continue to put pressure on banks to give more loans Support automotive council Freeze fuel duty Following the Kyoto protocol, more political pressure has been imposed to the polluting industries. Regarding the car market, Governments across the world have established some environmental penalties and bonuses to manufacturers and consumers. For customers, they need to pay a tax to the government according to the level of CO2 emissions. This can have a massive influence for buyers, especially with sports car and ones with large engines which are regarded as the most polluting. Economic factors: Osbourn (2011) mentions Chancellor of Exchequer made a budget statement which is meant to reform the nations economy and this time the budget is neutral and also becomes the best place in Europe to invest, which is a good sign for car manufacturers as certain taxes applicable have been cut and import duty has been significantly reduced, which is a sign of relief for car manufacturers. Godlevskaja et al (2011) states: Many OEMs are expanding their model lines to entice new customers and increase overall customer base range. Often at their competitors expense. At the same time growth increase is limited within the auto mobility industry as a whole. in the EU new car demand fell 7.8 per cent to 14.7 million units in 2008 that reflects consumer concerns about the economy the buying power from consumers this could have been down toward the recession, despite this Renault would continuously market themselves to its potential consumers. Having customer awareness makes people want to purchase their vehicles with newer models being introduced. Sociological Factors: These factors constitute various social factors such as cultural aspects, demographics, lifestyles and attitudes. For e.g. Whatever works in one country may not be successful in other, Renault may sell racing cars in France but for a market like India it needs to launch small cars as in this country small cars are much in demand due to the infrastructure of the company and population size. Demographics: Renault is the third largest car manufacturer in the world with its presence across Europe, Asia and even Africa thus it needs to proactive rather than reactive in development in these countries. Its policy of developing strategic alliances with local manufacturers helps it to get an edge in the global scenario as locals know their home market better, they use a tried and tested marketing strategy of targeting the right market segment to see if it works sells. Such alliances apart from fostering industrial harmony also helps in sharing of technological aspects of each firm, and helps develop new products such as the concept of electrical cars to save fuel and protect the environment. Though Renault is a French company it has alliances across the Globe that helps it foster multicultural aspects. In which the sentiments of local population are not hurt as they continue using the same product such as in case of Romania and Korea. Where in Renault acquired Dacia and Samsung motors respectively. Such alliances also help it to launch existing vehicles from one region to the other, also known as market development from Ansoffs matrix. Alà ¡ez-Aller et al (2010) states knowing your customers needs and wants are vital to success to entry strategy within new regions. In depth analysis of macro and micro environment is key when consumers are looking to purchase vehicles. Technological Factors: Any company from any sector catering to any segment needs to change at some point, in order to grow and survive the growing competition from consumers and competitors. Godlevskaja et al (2011) states: Firms must constantly adjust their service portfolios because it is important for companies to have a dynamic service portfolio that is adapted to various customer needs. Consequently companies that fail to do so lose in the long term as the outside world is very competitive and brutal to securing a position in the market. Companies worldwide spend millions of money just to make sure that they do not lag behind if they lack the technical expertises. Renault (2011) quotes directly from its website: Renault is committed to the development and implementation of new technologies into every aspect of our vehicles. Renaults engineers cover every angle roadholding, safety, comfort, soundproofing, etc. in their relentless quest to make motoring a pleasurable experience. Porters five forces analysis and criticism In order to settle a strategy, a company must analyse its industry. However the analysis of its competitor is not enough to understand all the aspects of the business. The types of businesses are various and numerous. But in almost all the industries, Michael E. Porter has identified a common structure composed by five global forces. These are to take into consideration in order to implement a successful strategy. 1. The Analysis For our topic we will consider these five forces within the car industry adapted to the Renault Company. Rivalry among existing competitors Strong competition Very strong competitive rivalry in the cars sector, especially with the brands focusing on a particular market segment. E.g. Audi are becoming leaders on high standard quality cars, while TATA is undertaking the low cost cars segment The Asian manufacturers have a very strong growth thanks to their low cost cars and their quality car is very reliable. E.g. KIA and their 7 years warranty. The structure of the automotive industry is becoming more and more powerful because of all the merges and the joint ventures, so the competition is strong and aggressive. The threat of new entrants Low threat Few new brands entering on the market for these important reasons: The investment that has to be made is extremely important. Especially in the manufacture part of the activity, where the investment must be important if the brand wants to get a competitive advantage The experiment and the know-how are essential elements to have its place on its market, in particular on management of the costs and the competitiveness. The competitors already present are already well known brands. All these companies trend to be restructured into fewer big groups. These implicate that they are more powerful and do not let possibilities for any small new company to enter in the market The threat of substitute Mild/ Relative Threat Even if there are the other ways of transportation, the car remains indispensable nowadays. It is true that sometimes changing the transportation way can have some advantages as the cost (with the low cost airline carrier), the ethic of environment (with ecological way of transports such as trains or the buses) or time in important factor within lsrger cities (with the underground), none of the transport way offer a good mix of utility, convenience, independence, and value afforded by automobiles. Nowadays, the automotive companies have a wide range of product, which can satisfy every demand, in adapting their cars in satisfying every new need, that increases the loyalty of the consumers to use cars. Bargaining power of the suppliers: Dependence Suppliers/Customer The purpose is being to establish a profitable, reliable relation for both parts. But the parts suppliers are sometimes small manufactures so Renault has more pressure to put on its supplier in terms of price However the image of Renault, as a reliable car company also depends on the quality of the car parts Suppliers are also important to Renault in terms of costs, according to Renault (2011): Suppliers account for 80% of total vehicle production costs. It is therefore essential for Renault to gain their commitment and to make them part of its approach to sustainable development Bargaining power of the buyers Strong power of negotiation The consumers are the target of communication campaigns and marketing actions because it is more and more tempted to try other brands The final product are standardised, customers can put the pressure on the different vendors insisting on the fact that an equivalent car can be find from another company for approximately the same price The negotiation can be in the price, but also on obtaining more options or services with same price. This affects the costs to organisations 2. Criticism of the Porters analysis The three new forces The Porter analysis remains one of the most influential marketing and strategy tool. However this analysis has been written by Porter during the 1980s, and the economic world has considerably changed during the last decades. Especially due to the Internet and all the e-business that make evolved most of the industries. Larry Downes, co-author of Unleashing the Killer App: Digital Strategies for Market Dominance relates in the article Beyond Porter that the Porters five forces analysis is no longer a complete tool to opt for a viable strategy. He describes new strategic frameworks composed by three new factors (forces), which permit to analysis the business area more relevantly: The digitalisation Due to increase power of information technology, new business models will be born from the market. This allowed the global awareness of the consumers on the global market. The competitors will now not only be part of the same industry. Now the tour operator Thomas Cook can be a competitor of Renault. These two companies will push their clients to use their money to buy their product when there are the same prices According to Recklies (2008) The old economy used IT as a tool for implementing change. Today technology had become the most important driver for change. Therefore mindsets have changed for organisations and how they operate; the final end product will require an element of technological advances for it to successful in modern society due to social factors. The Globalisation The globalisation of the market is nowadays something that a company cannot afford to ignore. The effects of the globalisation on businesses are betterment in the areas of distribution logistics and communication. The Global companies have to adapt their strategies in function of the global network. These strategies remain more complex than what Porter describe. Its not a question of price or quality for the customers, but trying to reach a type of loyal relationship with a network of partners and consumers. The deregulation One of the big changes in the business from the Porters model is the taking into consideration of the intervention of the governments in the business and in the industries. Because of the action of the states (new laws, new quality requirements, new importation/exportation quotas) the industries and the organisations have to adapt their strategies, finding new alternatives to their business models. These factors became important but they rarely appear into the Porter analysis. So an important Company like Renault cannot focus on this tool to create a solid and successful strategy. The purpose of the five forces model is to define the attractiveness of an industry in relation with theses 5 forces. But according to Dagmar Recklies: In economics, the constellation of factors determines issues like profit maximisation or supernormal profits. So we can conclude that the Porters five forces analysis is a strategy tool that can be used only knowing its limitations and among others tools to be the base of a correct strategy. Place Jobber (2006) defines price as The agreed value placed on the exchange by a buyer and seller. Price is one of the fixed key factors in the marketing mix and should be blended together with all element of the marketing mix, to create customer value. It can be argued then that price interlinks with the other elements of the marketing mix and must be met by supply and demand to achieve its best. Price in the marketing mix is very important to a business as it can determine if a company is successful or not when selling the product, it can be perceived that price can reflect quality when selling to consumers. The price can affect the following areas so its pivotal to have the right pricing strategy to market the right product. Pricing Goals Marketing Mix Price Price can include the cost of production to an organisation and the strategy they use to market the product at a competitive price so consumers decide to use you, rather than your competitors. The price of a product can be sold at a cut-price to boost volume of sales. This can be a strategy used by organisations to gain market share which can have its positives and negatives. Walker (2006) states Having low prices may be perceived by consumers as being low quality. Organisation may market themselves so they may be seen as obtain profits on a short term basis. This is where promotion can be interlinked to a pricing strategy. Organisations spend vast amounts on RD before setting prices on products. It can be argued that firms must price the product in a way which reflects the appropriate position of the product within the market. The balance for organisations is to maximise profits, but to have a consistent amount of sales. Marketers use this strategy as they maybe price orientated within the marketing mix. This is where product development would occur and knowing your target market well. Renault uses price within the marketing mix very well. Throughout its range of cars they have luxury cars including the Laguna all the way down to the Clio which is targeted on price with low maintenance costs. In terms of price to the Renault Clio it can be seen as being priced similar to its major competitors. Considering the Vauxhall Corsa, Ford Fiesta and also Peugeot 206. The pricing strategy of the Renault Clio new ranges from around  £9,000 to  £19,000 plus. There are many factors that can influence the prices of just one particular type of car. For example engine size, motor sport version etc The Clio range has the sport 2000, Dymanique, Gordini and also Bizu. This shows that the product has been diversified to achieve maximum price when selling the product to consumers. Clio Series Price Sport 2000  £16,000 Dymanique  £11,000 Gordini  £19,000 Bizu  £9,000 Walker (1996) shows that all other competitors i.e. Corsa and Fiesta are based around the same pricing strategy. This is because the car industry is large and production costs are not so important and creating the largest profit is not as necessary as it would be for a smaller organisation. The reason for Clio having the same pricing strategy as its competitors is because it is the only model in Renault range to predominately focus on lower cost with low quality from launch. Therefore it needs to be competitive with its rivals. The Clio model has done this very well as new models for the Clio are designed every few years. The Clio has been on the market for over 15 years proving its successfulness to its consumers who are aware of other markets available to them. The following is a perceptual map of small commercial cars sold and its comparison with the Renault Clio. It can be seen that the Clio and Corsa can be placed in the same category as each other, as both focus on price mainly. Other small cars including Audi and BMW focus on both high quality and price as the reputation they have is that its a long term investment. The Skoda Fabia is a low priced car because of the reputation it held from its unreliable past, but its reputation has slow been built back up. High Quality *BMW 1 Series Audi A4* *Skoda FabiaLow Price High Price Vauxhall* Corsa *Renault Clio Low Quality Relationships can be built up between the consumer and the seller. Mack (1996) states that Renault try and use this strategy as much as possible when selling cars. But why do this? They do this to make the consumer feel they are receiving a personalised service. Some dealerships offer free gift as an indirect way of making customers by their product too its competitors. Walker (1998) also says This has been a vital part of our strategy in helping to persuade customers that we can meet their needs especially targeting smaller cars. However it can be argued this strategy possibly may not work in modern society. As many people are aware the automotive industry is very competitive, it is becoming quickly cost orientated in particularly markets, indirect costs such as fuel, insurance and tax. Trade-off analysis could be applied to the Renault Clio. Jobber (2006) says Features such as speed, petrol consumption, brand and price are placed in front of consumers and asked which combinations they prefer. While the Clio Mk 3 was being designed it would have consulted potential buyers, they would have used rd for this because the car was designed to be low cost and wanted as many luxury as possible while concentrating on its core competence its price. However this analysis can have its limitations. When rd is taking place respondents may ask for a lot of things but all these additions may not be feasible. When asked to purchase the car consumers may not be willing to exchange money. Product Jobber (2006) defines product as A good service offered or performed by and organisation or individual, which is capable of satisfying customer needs. To have an effective product that consumers desire, it needs to be prices fairly and requires a Unique Selling Proposition. (USP) Walker et al (1998) states there are four elements which creates a well balanced and successful marketing mix. These included: Matching customer needs Need for balance Creates a competitive advantage Matches corporate resources The product Renault Clio has historically been targeted at the younger aged population who maybe on a budget. The product is a smaller model compared to other ranges in Renault yet also delivering the majority of luxury that other models offer. Including air-conditioning, climate control, Bluetooth and satellite navigation, this makes Clio very positive when it advertises the model to its consumers. The Clio then however meets the criteria set to have an effective marketing mix. Jobber (2006) states that Product development is important. As technology and tastes change, products become out of date and inferior to those of the competition, so companies must replace them with features that customers value. The fundamental feature of the new Clio model is the tom-tom feature. Renault and tom-tom have had to come to an agreement to include the satellite navigation to integrate this within the models. This has given Clio a competitive advantage over external competitors. Having a competitive advantage enables them to charge a premium price. However in few cases charging a premium price for products can have its down fall. Many consumers may not be willing to pay extra for products that may not be essential, consequently consumers will move to Clios competitors such as the 206 and Corsa. The balance is conducted by market research to see what consumers want, referring back to trade off analysis. According to Renault (2011) Clio is its most successful range of car across Europe. This is because the product caters for a broad range of markets. The reason for can be considered when looking at the anatomy of the Clio. The core product (I) would be the car itself and the way it is strategically priced, as being a low value priced car compared to its other cars within its range. The second layer would be products that add value to the overall product. Making it match customer needs and creating a competitive advantage. This could be as mentioned above, tom-tom, Bluetooth, keyless entry system, parking assist sensors and warranties. The outer layer includes extras which maybe indirectly related to the car including after sale support and credit sale. Many augmenting features are closely related to establishing a successful relationship between buyer and seller. ImageAnatomy of a product model A product life cycle (PLC) can determine where the product lies within its life. Many organisation use different strategies to pro-long the life of its product. When a product reaches maximum maturity and seess signs its declining it then considers using Product/Market Ansoff matrix. This involves 4 different strategies that can be used: Product development Diversification Market penetration Market development The reason for this is to maximise profits for Clio. Renault Clio mainly uses product development to change its model throughout years so customers have the opinion of upgrading and keeping up with trends rather than going to competitors. When the Clio was first launched it obviously begins in the introduction phase of the PLC and is strategically priced high. Jobber (2006) states that the Strategic marketing objective is to build sales by expanding the market for the product. The growth stage is next to follow, there is increase of sales and profit growth. The reason for this is due to increase in promotion by creating awareness. Renault Clio use TV advertising predominately to penetrate the market. They also have their own Renault TV channel. The maturity stage is where the product sales are at its peak whilst time is increasing. This is where the organisation may offer discounts or extra such as warranties. This is also the stage where product improvements occur at the peak of the maturity stage. The reasons for this include: Maintain competitive advantage Future growth First move advantage The decline stage is the final process of the PLC, the reason for this according to Walker (1998) is due to technological superior substitutes and also consumers change in preferences due to competition. The Renault Clio was an innovation that Renault developed due to competition from its competitors. According to Bloomberg Businessweek (2006) Renault was at number 49. Its competitors did not even reach the top 100 of innovated companies. Other automotive companies included within the list lower than number 49, Nissan and Volvo. This information could now be argued because companies such as Ford, Volkswagen and Toyota are much more innovated in 2010 as they have developed cars whilst considering external factors such as the environmental factors. (Development of the Hybrid car) Distribution Mix Marketing The distribution policy includes all decisions and actions that can be related to the delivery of our product to the customer. There are two different ways of distribution existing for Renaults company. Business to Business (B to B) = Company Retailer Consumer Business to Consumer (B to C) = Company Consumer Engineering Renault is one of the biggest car industries worldwide. It is present through the world in around 201 countries, including Europe, North, Central and South America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. An international engineering; closer to the markets. The Techno Center (France) Engineering: The Renault Group is deployed globally. It revolves around two components: Engineering Central, the heart of the system and regional engineering spread over Renaults strategic markets. Engineering centers: The Techno Center (France), the heart of the engineering world Renault Technologies Americas Renault Technologies Romania Renault Technologies Spain Renault Samsun Technical Center This organisation is based on a standardised process of engineering at Renault World of unified technical standards, defining key functions and technical harmonisation of policies. A well-developed network of design centers Renault Design America Latina in Sao Paulo The group relies on a parallel network of five satellites design centers. Observatories real trends these emerging centers of vehicles for new markets. They are involved from the launch of a new project through to the production of the final concept car. The design centers are: Renault Design Paris Renault Design Central Europe Renault Design America Latina Renault Samsung Design Renault Design India Two objectives are Warranty the best customer satisfaction all around the world Produce close to the markets Renaults industry realises two type of sell: Either to the customers or to companies. But, all confounded, Renault has realised for the Year 2010 reporting record sales volumes with 2.6 million vehicles sold. Thanks to its positioning, essentially outside Europe, in the emerging countries, Renault has bounded its sales. Heres a graph which represents the market where Renault is present in 2010: It is important to understand that the Clio is one of the best vehicles brand for Renault. In about 20 years, it has won more than 10 million customers around the world (100 countries). This success is thanks to a styling, comfort, safety, versatility and different equipment package worthy of cars from the next segment up. Renault February 2011 sales in Europe region In February 2011, by

Constraints Facing The African Stock Market Economics Essay

The African stock market is going progressively sophisticated in pricing, insulating and reassigning hazard. Tools such as derived functions and securitization contribute to this procedure but pose their ain hazard. The failure of accounting and ordinance to maintain abreast of development introduces more hazard with on occasion dramatic effects.Macroeconomic FactorsMacroeconomic hazards include rising prices hazard, involvement rate hazard, low modesty and thin fiscal market which all together affect the public presentation of a stock market. Macroeconomic policy has a great impact on the public presentation of the stock market. In 1996, the Zimbabwe stock market which accounted for an overall public presentation of 86.5 % . However, in 1997 its public presentation decreased by more than 50 % in the aftermath of dramatic authorities farm and to pay $ 240 million in pensions to veterans of Zimbabwe independency war. For the last two decennaries, the growing rate of existent per capita end product for Africa has been negative, while other parts have been demoing strong positive growing rates. For illustration, while between the 1970s and 1990s East Asia and South Asia moved from an mean growing rate of 4.6 per centum and 0.7 per centum to 6.4 per centum and 3.3 per centum, severally, Sub-Saharan Africa ‘s growing rate declined from 0.5 per centum in the 1970s to -0.4 per centum in the 1990s.Corporate AdministrationCoup vitamin D ‘ & amp ; eacute ; cheapnesss is rather celebrated in African history. It appears that constitutional regulation are present at that place and politicians are pull stringsing fundamental laws to either seek thirster footings in office or perpetuate their stay. Therefore, there is a deficiency of good corporate administration in the states. In the absence of corporate administration, there is inappropriate policy taken by the authorities and regulative models. Furthermore, there is no control of corruptness, capacity edifice, and there is an uneffective, inefficient, no transparent and accountable system for mobilising and apportioning public every bit good as private resources.High unemploymentIn Africa, there is copiousness of unskilled labour and this may take to worsen of the on the job category. The growing in demand for skilled labour does non fit the diminution of unskilled and semi-skilled occupations. The labour market is switching towards more skilled workers, professionals and directors. A labour study in South Africa found that there is more demand for directors in the populace sector, particularly local authorities and peculiar services sectors Unemployment is pig-headedly high and edging upward. In South Africa the expanded unemployment rate is estimated to be every bit high as 40 % with the official rate at about 29 % . The fact that the labour market is biased against those with less accomplishment is reflected in the higher mean wage additions for skilled individuals.Trade DevelopmentMany African states are faced with a multiplicity of challenges that prevent them from take parting in the planetary economic system and harvesting the benefits of increased globalisation. Africa is the most disconnected continent. Fourteen states are landlocked, accounting for 30 % of Africa ‘s population. The roots of the job prevarication in chronic restraints to competitiveness including, hapless substructure, little and disconnected markets, undeveloped fiscal markets, weak systems to ease trade, weaknesses in cardinal establishments, and the deficiency of equal human resources.Political HazardPolitical instability, institutional incapacity and societal unrest inhibit foreign capital influxs. These in bend lower investing appetencies and have a negative impact for economic chances and investing clime. Percepts of political hazard originating from peculiar events, such as those related to the recent elections in Kenya which generate market volatility and discourage investing. Africa is seen as a part of high political hazard, and important hazard premium are demanded by equity investors, loaners and insurance companies.Currency fluctuation hazardThe planetary economic lag in universe growing may impact African exports of agricultural merchandises, minerals and hydrocarbons. Africa ‘s dependance on natural resource exports has made many states vulnerable to trade good monetary value dazes that are outside their control. Sudden additions in export grosss or import costs can do currency instability and budget uncertainness. Furthermore, there is strong grounds that currency depreciation has negative consequence on the public presentation of the African stock market.Crisis of International ConfidenceMany states in sub-Saharan Africa enjoyed robust economic growing in recent old a ges. However, the nutrient and fuel monetary value dazes of 2007-08 that preceded the current planetary fiscal crisis weakened the external place of net importers of nutrient and fuel, caused rising prices to speed up, and dampened growing chances. A research done by IMF shows that in the yesteryear a 1 per centum point lag in planetary growing has led to an estimated ? per centum point lag in sub-Saharan African states. But the effects may be more marked this clip because the tightening of planetary recognition compounds the impact of the lag, worsening hazards for trade finance and other capital flows.Recommendations.The stock market needs specific attending when it comes to the menaces and challenges predominating. Normally, there are several ways which can take to the development of the stock market. Automation can be of great aid as it reduces costs every bit good as inefficiencies. It operates faster than the manual system which besides increases trading activities and liquidness. We besides have demutualization which is a procedure that involves a alteration in ownership construction and a alteration in legal and organisation signifier. Factors such as competition among exchanges, demand for increased capital, demand for good corporate administration in exchanges and the impulse to open up ownership of exchanges to public investors help demutualization addition popularity. Demutualization is expected to work out common construction jobs by opening up merchandising rights, acknowledging new trading spouses, and broadening ownership such that the populace can put in exchanges. It besides increases entree to services of the exchange and removes inordinate investing costs for fund holders. Another cardinal solution can be to beef up Financial Regulation and Supervision. Such a step will hike the assurance of investors every bit good as protects their rights and hence besides encourages them to put more in the stock market. The development of good quality establishments can besides impact the attraction of equity investing and lead to stock market development. Good quality establishments such as jurisprudence and order, democratic answerability, bureaucratic quality are of import determiners of stock market development in Africa because they cut down political hazard and heighten the viability of external finance. The increased engagement of investors on the stock market will besides assist advancing efficient market patterns and fiscal invention. They typically favor greater transparence and market unity in both primary and secondary markets, seek lower dealing cost, and promote efficient trading and colony installations. Enhancing surveillance of the OTC forex derivative markets by systematic processing and analysis of information on offshore activity will besides be of great aid. Another proposed solution to jobs faced by African stock markets is to incorporate stock exchanges. Unifying African stock markets into a individual regional exchange instantly is no uncertainty an ambitious and dashing undertaking, given the associated institutional and fiscal cost complexnesss. Advocates of this proposition argue that a good incorporate regional stock exchange in Africa will be a powerful beginning and driver of capital flows to Africa. Such an exchange will besides, if good structured, work out the current jobs of illiquidity, little size, and atomization.

Study On Models Of Term Structure Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1173 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? One of the earliest stochastic models of the term structure was developed by Vasicek (1977). His model is based on the evolution of an unspecified short-term interest rate. Although the model is developed in a fairly general framework, it is most frequently applied in a more specific form that is presented here. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Study On Models Of Term Structure Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The Vasicek model has many advantages, though it also has some shortcomings. The model assumes that the short rate follows the stochastic process dr = a(b-r)dt + sdz Here, dz = a standard process a = coefficient for the formula r = the current level of the interest rate. b= parameter for long run normal interest rate If the interest rate is above the long run mean (r b), then the coefficient a (0) makes the drift become negative so that the rate will be pulled down in the direction of r. Likewise, if the rate is less than the long run mean, r b, then the coefficient a makes the drift become positive so that the rate will be pulled up in the direction of r. The coefficient a is, thus, the speed of adjustment of the interest rate towards its long run normal level. This feature is particularly attractive because without it, interest rates could drift permanently upward the way stock prices do and this is simply not observed in practice. In our century the in terest rate has an important place in all transactions that include simply lending and borrowing. However, its importance has risen with developing and slight stationary economic conditions of the world. The desire to have foresight for the level of future interest rate has become crucial in the sense that to know the lending and borrowing rate and not to miss price the interest rate instruments. As a result, the modeling of interest rate has risen as a problem. As solution to this problem there have been many models proposed. Their common feature is that they all model a stochastic problem, i.e. they deal with uncertainty. The first model in 1973 was proposed by Merton. However, the pioneering one was suggested by Vasicek in 1977 and in the following years many there models that are much more analytically un tractable has come out. These stochastic models are mainly classified with respect to the number of factors which are assumed to have a stochastic evolution in the model. In this study we will use Vasicek short-rate model among some of the most fundamental one factor interest-rate models to predict the yield curve of tomorrow by using todays observed yield data It was introduced by Oldrich Vasicek in the year of 1977. It is a mathematical model that describes the interest rate growth. The Vasicek Model is a type of one-factor model that explains the movements of short time interest rate when it is only driven by the market risk. In Vasicek model wiener process shows the random market risk while the standard deviation shows the volatility of the interest rate. The Vasicek Model is also applied for the interest rate derivative assessment. The theory of Vasicek Model is very well adapted by the credit markets. However the interest rate may not be original future interest rate but the interest rate must be closer to the original rate. If we use correctly the Brownian motion and the volatility related to the market rate than it may give the righ t desired outcomes. However the major problem will occur when there will be a sudden change in market risk. Vasiceks revolutionary work is the earliest account of a bond pricing model that incorporates stochastic interest rate. The short rate dynamics is modeled as a distribution process with constant parameters. When the bond price is based on this assumption, it has the feature that on a given date, the ratio of expected excess return per unit of volatility (the market price of risk) is the same, regardless of bonds maturity. 2.6.1 Pricing Bonds with Vasicek Model Given the term structure of interest rates (fully described in this model by the spot rate) the pricing formula for bonds is straight forward. Bond prices are determined by summing the present value of the coupons and terminal value, discounting at the discount factors P(r, 0, T). Thus, the value of a bond paying coupon c at time 1, 2, . . . , M and having face value of 1 is given by the function: Bond Price[c, r, M]:= Sum [P[r, 0, t] * c, {t, 1, M}] + P[r, 0, M] It is often convenient to consider continuously paid out coupons, in which case the above formula becomes: Bond Price[c, r, M]:= Integrate [P[r, 0, t] * c, {t, 0, M}] + P[r, 0, M] A European option on a bond can also be priced analytically with the Vasicek term structure model. 2.6.2 Advantage and disadvantages of Vasicek model We know that nothing is perfect in the world. Every effective thing has negative effect with their positive elements. The advantages and disadvantage of Vasicek model are as follow: a) Advantages The method is based on reliable mathematical calculation which makes the future forecasted interest rate near to the future original interest rate. Its a short rate model which gives a future interest rate nearly to the same which will happen in future like future spot rate. It also helps in risk hedging. By using the Vasicek model we can forecast the future interest rate and if there is any uncertain risk in interest rate then we can hedge our amount which can be affected by the uncertain risk. The interest rate is calculated for the shorter time period under Vasicek model i.e. the volatility factors almost keep the same as it was taking at the time of interest rate derivation. b) Disadvantages shortcomings of the Vasicek model: Interest rate can become negative. It only happens when people like to hold the cash instead to invest it. Difficult to make the model fit the yield curve exactly. Like if there occur a change between the derived interest rate and the original interest rate then the yield curve of derived interest rate will vary from the original yield curve. And it affects the other estimations based on the model. Constant local volatility is not realistic, but it is easy to generalize with market rate but we know that the volatility changes as the time is passes on. So its not good to generalize the volatility. Numerous generalizations are possible. However the more generalization input will affect the output result. The estimation is always unreliable. If we take rates of two or three parameters as general rates then it may affect our future forecasting rate. It must be different from the original one. Even with the Vasicek model, we need to solv e non-linear equations to construct the tree. So its mean there is more than one variable and sometime its very difficult to calculate the more variables. Increase in variables make chances of error high. More complicated models typically imply that we need to solve even more complicated equations. Because to solve the more variable we need to solve more equations.

Dolls and New Heritage Doll - 3976 Words

4212 SEPTEMBER 15, 2010 TIMOTHY LUEHRMAN HEIDE ABELLI In mid-September of 2010, Emily Harris, vice president of New Heritage Doll Company’s production division, was weighing project proposals for the company’s upcoming capital budgeting meetings in October. Two proposals stood out based on their potential to strengthen the division’s innovative product lines and drive future growth. However, due to constraints on financial and managerial resources, Harris knew it was possible that the firm’s capital budgeting committee would decline to approve both projects. She also knew that New Heritage’s licensing and retail divisions would promote compelling projects of their own. Consequently, Harris had to be prepared to recommend one†¦show more content†¦But the popularity of most doll lines waned after a few years. New Heritage Dolls By 2009, New Heritage had grown to 450 employees and generated approximately $245 million of revenue1 and $27 million of operating profit from three divisions: production, retailing, and licensing. The production division, discussed further below, designed and produced dolls and doll accessories. The retailing division offered a unique â€Å"intergenerational experience† for grandmothers, mothers, and daughters, centered upon the character histories and storylines of the company’s dolls and delivered through an online website (42%), a mail-order paper catalog (33%), and a network of retail stores (25%). In fiscal 2009, the retailing division generated roughly $190 million of revenue and $4.8 million of operating profit. The licensing division was started in 1998, and represented the company’s newest and most profitable division. It sought to extend the New Heritage brand and capitalize on high levels of customer loyalty by selectively licensing the company’s doll characters and themes to a variety of media that reached the firm’s target demographic of toddler to pre-teen girls. In fiscal year 2009 the licensing division generated $24.5 million of revenue and $14.5 million in operating profit. New Heritage’s Production Division ProductionShow MoreRelatedNew Heritage Doll1489 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ New Heritage Doll Case Analysis 3/29/2013 Introduction Emily Harris is the Vice president of New Heritage Doll Company’s production division. In mid-September of 2010 she was trying to decide on project proposals for the company’s capital budget meeting in October. Of the proposals presented to her, two of them stood out based on their innovation and ability to strengthen the division’s product lines. The first project, Match My Doll Clothing Line Expansion (MMDC), would extendRead MoreNew Heritage Doll1010 Words   |  5 PagesNew Heritage Doll Company Capital Budgeting Analysis The New Heritage Doll Company is a company that makes dolls for children between the ages 3 – 12 years. The company has revenues of 245 million USD and an operating profit of 24 million USD. The company has three major divisions – The Retailing division, the Licensing division and the Production division. The head of the production division has to choose between two capital intensive projects that have been presented to her - the â€Å"Make My DollRead MoreNew Heritage Doll1375 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿New Heritage Doll 1. Compute the Free Cash Flows for the years 2010 to 2020 for both projects See excel File attached. 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Comparison ofRead MoreNew Heritage Doll1696 Words   |  7 PagesNew Heritage Doll Company: Capital Budgeting Solution Sheet 1 NPV Analysis for Match My Doll Clothing Line Extension 2010 2011 4 500 NA 2012 6 860 52,44% 2013 8 409 22,58% 2014 9 082 8,00% 2015 9 808 8,00% 2016 10 593 8,00% 2017 11 440 8,00% 2018 12 355 8,00% 2019 13 344 8,00% 2020 14 411 8,00% 0 1 250 1 250 575 2 035 152 2 762 1 155 3 917 575 3 404 152 4 131 1 735 5 866 587 4 291 152 5 029 2 102 7 132 598 4 669 Read MoreNew Heritage Doll995 Words   |  4 Pagescase info, lasting brands in the doll business are rare, therefore the positive outlook during the first 10 years and a terminal value based on an assumption of a 3% perpetual growth rate could possibly be unrealistic * NPV solely looks at the company’s internal financial side of the project. We might also want to take competitor actions into account and how these may affect our decision making (e.g. perhaps first mover advantages in the design your own doll project might be very positive, butRead MoreNew Heritage Doll Company3645 Words   |  15 PagesNew Heritage Doll Company Financial Assessment Executive Summary New Heritage Doll Company’s production division has two serious proposals that will be presented to the capital budget committee. The first proposal, named Match My Doll Clothing Line extension, will add year round seasonal clothing to Heritage’s product line. This proposal’s NPV was $7,326.11. The IRR was 24.10% and the MIRR was 20.68%. The Profitability Index was 3.08 and the payback period was 7.11 years. The valueRead MoreNew Heritage Doll Company Case1848 Words   |  8 PagesNEW HERITAGE DOLL COMPANY FINA 6278 Case 1 I. Executive Summary New Heritage Doll Company is a U.S based children toy manufacturer with a well-known national brand: the New Heritage. With its existing three divisions, New Heritage proposed two potential investment projects in order to expand its business while the doll industry was facing a relatively low growth rate. The first proposal is the Match My Doll Clothing line expansion, which is to expand a new clothing product line aimedRead MoreThe New Heritage Doll Company : Capital Budgeting902 Words   |  4 PagesThe New Heritage Doll Company: Capital Budgeting Summary The New Heritage Doll Company was founded in 1985 by Ingrid Beckwith, a retired psychologist, who specialized in child development. She was also a grandmother of two young girls. Beckwith created her downline to target young girls ages 3 to 12 years old. She even had a baby doll line targeting even younger girls and â€Å"celebrity† line for teens. Her goal was to develop girl s imagination and foster positive self-image. To do this she createdRead MoreNew Heritage Doll Company : Capital Budgeting1321 Words   |  6 PagesNew Heritage Doll Company: Capital Budgeting The New Heritage Doll Company offered a unique line of dolls as an alternative to its competitors, and it wanted to extend its brand for future growth. The company has three operating divisions: production, retailing and licensing. All three divisions planned to promote projects of their own to compete for the same limited resources. Emily Harris, vice president of the production division, had to be prepared to select one of the two project proposals